A walk down the memory lane: Vol 2

 So, in the first part of the series we pushed out a tool that we used for SpyEye configuration dumping, but it can also be used for other things.

In this part, we'll touch the subject of API name hashing, a technique pretty widely used on both bulk malware and APT malware. I reckon most of the readers are aware of it, but let's do a short introduction.

Commonly when you compile a your code project into an executable, the linker will generate a table of all the system API calls that are used in your program. It can be a handful of system calls like CreateFileW or OpenProcessToken. When analyzing normally compiled binaries the process is a whole lot of smoother when your disassembler/decompiler can tell your straight out of the box which API is being called.

In order to hinder analysis, some malware authors use a technique called API name hashing. Instead of direct calls to various API's, the malware uses "magic" values that are resolved in the runtime by the malware itself. So instead of having a sweet, readable disassembly like this:

you will be getting a much harder to read output, looking something like this:

In order to lessen the impact on analysis time we use a core C project called ApiNameHasher. It has support functionality to hash and print our all API's from a single DLL, or you can choose to dump everything for the whole c:\Windows\System32\*.dll

Now, the API hashing technique changes to one malware to the next. Hence the actual hashing is done in a separate function that receives the API name as parameter. That way when we see a new malware using yet another new way of hashing an API name, we can just do a quick reverse engineering of the hashing function and drop it into the ApiNameHasher.

The C code is available on our Github repo

The original code was a bit cluttered after heavy use, but I left 2 sample functions as an example as they use different approaches in the "style".

The first one is called LazarusHasher:

Sometimes it's faster (for us atleast) to just basically copy and edit the assembly code and then paste it as inline assembly in the ApiNameHasher. This approach works easily for 32-bit code. For 64-bit code you cannot inline the assembly, but you can create an .asm file that holds the code and then add a build dependency for MASM, the Microsoft Assembler. This way is useful especially if there are some compiler semantics at play that you don't have the time to figure out.

The second one is called BlackBubbleHasher. It's an internal name we use for a malware that has not been documented publicly yet, but it's basically a next-generation variant of StealthVector from APT41:

In this function, the whole hashing was reverse engineered into C, and then dropped into the ApiNameHasher.

We absolutely love the tool. We can still see the metadata from it's first uses, when it was compiled using Visual Studio 2008. 16 years already and we bet it has still a lot of love left in it.

A walk down the memory lane

 A walk down the memory lane

A while ago we had to search for an old piece of code we had to check up something. During that, we woke up to the fact that we had literally hundreds of different code projects stashed away.

Some projects were simple, focused on doing a thing or another related to a specific piece of malware, like API name hashing, a technique quite commonly used by various malwares in order to hinder the analysis.

Some projects were not so simple, like extracting malware encryption keys directly from a live process memory, or brute forcing whatever the encryption was that a specific malware used.

We thought it'd be fun to dust off a few of the projects and share them. Even though the malware families they target are long gone, the techniques used in the projects still apply and can be adapted to malware families that roam the internet nowadays. All the source codes will be published over at Github. They will be shared under the MIT license, so feel free to do whatever you want with the sources. We'd love to hear if you adapt the code to do something new :)

So here we are, walking down the memory lane, starting the series with...

SpyEye

SpyEye emerged around 2010. Described by the Department of Justice as a "preeminent malware banking Trojan", it was used to infect over 50 million computers worldwide from 2010 to 2012, causing nearly $1 Billion in financial losses.

SpyEye used a technique that was called "man-in-the-browser". It basically injected itself into explorer.exe and processes that belonged to web browsers, hooking up several API's that it needed in order to monitor the what the user was browsing.

Certain web page forms were captures by the malware, and sent to it's creators. Also, whatever the victim had in the Autofill of the browser got snatched as well and sent onwards. So they got hold of banking id's and passwords that they could use later on steal all the moneys from victims.

SpyEye used a configuration file to get instructions on which banks it should target and how. The configuration resided in a modified ZIP-file that was protected with a 32 byte long alphanumeric password. You had to know the password in order to know what's in the configuration.

During it's peak, there were dozens of new SpyEye variants rolling in each and every day. Analyzing the samples by hand to extract the configuration was simply not a choice. Hence, we needed automation.

We created a DLL that would be injected into the running malware process. The DLL just sat and waited for the malware to decompress and deobfuscate itself.

Basically, when the actual malware.exe was executed it injected a copy of itself into the explorer.exe process and then killed it's original process.

Our DLL just waited for the moment when the OS would tell it to unload itself (DllMain() being called with DLL_PROCESS_DETACH flag), after which it scanned the process memory of the malware, looking for a potential password. If found, the password candidate was saved to a 'keyring' file and be later used to decrypt the configuration file.

Analyzing new SpyEye samples became a breeze and could be made in an automated fashion. We had hundreds of passwords in the keyring at the end, allowing us to decrypt virtually almost any SpyEye configuration that we got our hands on.

But what happened to SpyEye? In 2016, two individuals were sentenced to a combined 24 years and 6 months in prison for their roles in developing and distributing SpyEye.

Fake Ransomware decryption tools: The rabbit hole

 

Backstory

During the past month or so, following the announcement of our Akira ransomware decryption service, we have been responding to Akira incidents around the world. Recently, a victim organisation contacted us for help, but their story was quite unusual compared to the other victims we have been assisting.

As it turned out, they had indeed been hit by the Akira ransomware but in addition to this, they shared a decryption tool with us and told us that they had contacted some "Decryption Experts" and paid for this tool upfront. As their Akira incident was recent and the decryption tool that they shared with us was not made by Avast, we immediately knew that something suspicious was going on. 

As a recap: Legitimate decryption tools released to the public can help with older variants of Akira, that had a much more simple encryption scheme. The current variant of Akira uses up to 8 encryption keys per file, as well as two different encryption schemes, which makes it unfeasible to release a standalone decryption tool. This is why we offer the decryption as a paid service (paid after successful decryption), since it takes considerable amounts of computing power and manual binary analysis performed by our experts.

We decided to take a closer look at the tool they shared to see what they had paid for. What we uncovered was a widespread campaign of new fake ransomware decryptors, being actively advertised via Youtube channels, tailor made websites and reddit.

This post may get a bit technical at some points.

Fake decryptor analysis

The fake akira decryptor tool (SHA1: c66c5f0e7876a53c1af4da241d6248c05ff9dc4b) comes to us from the future in the form of a .NET executable with a modified compiler timestamp of "22/11/2080 7.08.52".

Fake Akira decryptor user interface

Supposedly, all the victim has to do is to input their unique Login ID/Chat ID that is found in the Akira ransomware note. Behind the scenes, the Login ID is checked to see if matches a hardcoded value. Our hypothesis is that this hardcoded value is the actual victim Login ID that the victim has passed on to the actors behind this campaign. The actors then compile a new executable for each victim, with their ID hardcoded into the program.

DnSpy analysis

By loading the executable into dnSpy, an open source .NET debugger and assembly editor, we can take a look at what the code is doing. To save us some effort, the actors have chosen not to obfuscate their code and static analysis is a breeze. Immediately after loading the binary into dnSpy, looking at the embedded resources, we spotted an additional logo image referring to a "universal decryptor". We will circle back on this discovery after analyzing the "Decryption" part of the code.

Akira Decryption.exe resources

Looking inside the EncryptDecryptFiles class, we find the Decrypt() function. The function starts by comparing the user submitted login ID to a hardcoded value as previously mentioned. If the value matches, the function goes through each file present defined in the current path (C:\\) and looks for files that contain the string "akiraa" in their name. 

We are not sure if this typo is intentional or if it is simply an error on the actors part, because on a machine with an Akira infection, the encrypted files have an ".akira" suffix. Because of this, the check fails on every file and an error message is shown to the victim: "Your personal ID is expired by Hackers. Please update!" Of note: By design (logic error or intentional), even if the program would find ".akiraa" files and overwrite them, it would still display the same error message to the victim.

Decrypt function

Interestingly, the executable also contains an Encrypt function, which is never called in the binaries that we found. Our hypothesis is that this function is called in the variants that the actors use to first encrypt files in order to show that the decryption is working in their demo videos. This is further supported by the presence and usage of actual cryptography functions via the System.Security.Cryptography .NET API.

Cryptography API usage

Pivoting on resources

To circle back on the universal decryptor image that was present in the resources, we found two interesting artifacts to further pivot on and look for related binaries. The first artifact was the Akira decryption image displayed in the tool, named "tumblr_252fa...". Searching for this string in Virustotal showed 3 similar binaries. One supposedly for lockbit decryption, one for djvu and one for phobos ransomware.

Virustotal search for the resource name

These 3 binaries are also .NET executables and a quick analysis reveals that they are identical in function to the Akira decryption binary. Below is a comparison of the Akira decryption binary and one of the newly found binaries. The Decrypt function (and other functions) are identical, except for the hardcoded Chat ID that the victim provides to the actors.

Comparing the two binaries in dnSpy

The second artifact is the presence of the "universal decryptor" image in the resources. Searching for universal decryptor in google, we came across a website "universaldecryptor.net". This website promises guaranteed recovery of files for stop/djvu ransomware victims in exchange for an undisclosed amount of Tether (USDT) or Bitcoin cryptocurrency. 

The page is filled with seemingly fake reviews and testimonials along with a FAQ section to reassure victims of the legitimacy of the operation. Victims are instructed to contact the actors via whatsapp, telegram or email, most likely to carry out the payment of cryptocurrency and receive the fake decryption tool.

universaldecryptor website

The page also contains an embedded Youtube video, allegedly showing the tool working and decrypting files. Searching on Youtube for "ransomware decryption" leads to multiple channels and several hundreds of videos advertising the successful decryption of any number of ransomware variants. ( lockbit, akira, djvu, phobos etc.).

These videos and their descriptions containing links lead us to the akiradecryption[.]org website. Looking awfully familiar. Any doubt that these websites and programs are not connected, should be gone by this point. The client that reached out to us originally also confirmed that this is indeed where they received the akira decryption executable from.

akiradecryption website

Looking at the list of Youtube channels we found during analysis reveals that on some channels, the campaigns have been active for at least 2 years. All channels follow a similar pattern of releasing "proof of concept" videos for whatever ransomware strain, with the video showing how the tool supposedly decrypts files.

one channel with multiple videos for different ransomware

Conclusion

The uncovered campaign is yet another example of criminals trying to exploit desperate victims for financial gain. It should go without saying, but in the event of a ransomware attack your first point of contact should be your local law enforcement agency, followed by actual incident response experts and legitimate security vendors. (not a website that requests USDT, Bitcoin or any other cryptocurrency as payment for their services).

In addition to this, the importance of backups (and actually verifying that you can restore from said backups) can not be overstated. 

We have notified the relevant parties to get these channels, websites and user accounts taken down.

If you got this far, thank you for reading the post and stay safe. If you have any questions or need assistance with Akira recovery or anything else, don't hesitate to reach out to us at support@fitsec.com.

Eerik Reis, Toni Koivunen & The Fitsec APT research team

Indicators of Compromise

Websites:

hxxps://akiradecryptor[.]org

hxxps://universaldecryptor[.]net

hxxps://lockbitdecryptor[.]com

hxxps://phobosdecryptor[.]ru

hxxps://bytees[.]org

hxxps://stopdjvudecryptor[.]org

Youtube channels:

@StopRansomware

@stopdjvuransomware

@stopdjvudecryptortool

@stopdjvudecryption3546

@stopdjvuransomwaredecryptor

@DecryptorMaestros

@stopdjvudecryptorofficial

@Stopdjvudecryption211

@davidson797

@Howtodecryptguide676

@RansomwareDecryptoruniversal

@AkiraDecryptor

@decryptakiravirus

@Akirafilesdecryption

@HuntersInternationalDecryptor

@Boldbytes-hb8jp

@RansomAttack

@dotertool

@akiraransomwre

@safepcfromransom

@Decryptorransomware

File hashes (fake decryption binaries):

b67788c6dbd20b39d9ca44e8c8ed46a7e4295160

565d14be027095852bee7ecae5c554f0d322e720

ae0c64f2ad1075a76c4b348ed69e61a8864a8897

🚨 Exciting News

We at Fitsec Ltd are now able to successfully decrypt files encrypted by the Akira malware! And can now help victims! Do not hesitate to contact us.

https://www.akirahelp.com/
https://feed.fitsec.com/

hashtag#akira hashtag#akiraransomware hashtag#ransomware hashtag

 

Integrate Threat Intelligence Feeds into Third-Party Security Solutions

Integrating Threat Intelligence Feeds into third-party security solutions is a critical step towards effective threat detection and response. Through this integration, organizations can automate numerous cybersecurity processes, enhancing both the speed of response and the accuracy of detection

API Integrations:

API integrations allow for direct and real-time data exchange between threat intelligence feeds and security solutions. This significantly accelerates threat identification and enables immediate response, minimizing potential damage.

 

SIEM and SOAR Systems:

SIEM systems analyze and prioritize threat data, providing in-depth insights into potential threats. SOAR solutions take this a step further by automating the processes of threat detection, investigation, and response. Together, these systems create a strong foundation for threat management by seamlessly integrating threat intelligence data into security operations.

 

Challenges:

Challenges in integration include ensuring data quality and reliability. By selecting reliable threat intelligence sources and adhering to best practices in data management, organizations can reduce false positive alerts and improve the efficiency of their security solutions.

 

By integrating threat intelligence feeds into third-party security solutions, organizations can significantly improve their ability to detect and respond to threats in real-time. This not only speeds up response times but also makes the work of the cybersecurity team more efficient, allowing them to focus on more critical tasks. When executed correctly, this integration provides organizations with a significant competitive advantage in the realm of cybersecurity.

Use Threat Intelligence Feeds for Automated Firewall and IDS/IPS Rule Updates

Leveraging threat intelligence feeds for automated updates to firewall and Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS) rules is a critical method in combating cybersecurity threats. This process enables organizations to swiftly respond to new and evolving cyber threats. Automatic rule updates are based on real-time threat intelligence provided by threat intelligence feeds, allowing organizations to effectively update their security system rules, reducing the need for manual labour and enhancing network security.

 

Integration Process:

The integration process starts by selecting an appropriate threat intelligence feed and connecting it to the firewall or IDS/IPS system, often using API interfaces or other integration mechanisms. Once the feed is connected, the system analyses incoming threat intelligence and automatically updates its rules accordingly. This may involve creating new rules to identify and block traffic from known malicious IP addresses or updating existing rules to reflect new types of attacks.

 

Automation Requirements:

Such automation requires careful configuration and testing to avoid false positives that could block legitimate traffic. It's also crucial to ensure that rule updates are appropriate and do not cause unintended side effects on system performance.

 

In summary, the use of threat intelligence feeds for automatic rule updates represents an effective strategy for managing cybersecurity threats. This approach allows for quick and targeted responses to new threats, improving an organization's ability to protect its networks and information systems in a constantly changing cybersecurity environment.

Integrate Threat Intelligence Feeds with SIEM

Integrating threat intelligence feeds into Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems is a key method for automating the analysis of cybersecurity events. This process enables the rapid utilization of up-to-date threat information, significantly enhancing cyber defense efficiency.

 

Evolution of SIEM Technology:

The evolution of SIEM technology from basic log management systems to advanced defense platforms is significant. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has strengthened their analytical capabilities, enabling the detection of complex patterns and potential security incidents that would elude human analysis.

 

Integration and SIEM:

Threat intelligence feeds provide a continuous flow of the latest threat information, such as known attack vectors and techniques. When integrated into SIEM systems, they add value by offering real-time data that aids in quicker identification and response to potential risks.

 

Benefits of Automation:

The automation in SIEM systems, combined with the information from threat intelligence feeds and analysis of logs, free up resources for more critical security tasks, improving overall cybersecurity operations. Rapid detection and response to threats reduce the window of opportunity for attacks, enhancing the ability to protect critical assets.

Utilizing machine learning for event correlation in SIEM reveals hidden threats and enables proactive measures against emerging attack vectors and streamlined compliance monitoring and reporting: Automating compliance monitoring and reporting within SIEM makes audits more efficient and accurate.

 

In conclusion, the integration of threat intelligence feeds into SIEM systems is a critical step in the automation of security event analysis. This combination improves the ability to detect and respond quickly to cyber threats, which is vital in today's constantly changing cybersecurity landscape.

Utilize Threat Intelligence Feeds for Creating and Updating Website Blacklists

The use of threat intelligence feeds in creating and updating blacklists of websites containing known phishing sites is crucial in combating phishing attacks. These feeds provide up-to-date information on known phishing sites, helping organizations to swiftly respond to new threats.

Creating Blacklists with Threat Intelligence Feeds:

Information on phishing sites is gathered from threat intelligence feeds, which include detailed data about malicious URLs and the techniques used in scams. Based on this information, blacklists are created.

Updates and Maintenance:

As phishing sites continuously evolve, regular updates of blacklists are essential. Malicious actors register new domains, make changes to their phishing sites, and refine their methods constantly. The real-time information provided by feeds enables quick updates, keeping the lists current with the latest threats.

Integration into Cybersecurity Systems:

The created blacklists are integrated into an organization’s security controls, such as email filters, firewalls, and web browsers. This integration allows for automatic actions, like alerting or blocking access when users attempt to visit known phishing sites.

In conclusion, leveraging threat intelligence feeds for creating and updating blacklists of websites is a vital component of cybersecurity against phishing attacks. These feeds offer critical, real-time information about known phishing sites, enabling rapid and accurate updates to blacklists. By integrating these updated lists into an organization's cybersecurity systems, effective prevention of access to malicious sites and protection of users from scams are achieved. This makes threat intelligence feeds an invaluable tool in a modern cybersecurity strategy, helping organizations stay a step ahead of the evolving tactics of cybercriminals.

Detect Malware Traffic with Threat Intelligence Feeds

The use of threat intelligence feeds to detect malware traffic, such as communication with Command and Control (C&C) servers, is a critical component of cybersecurity. These feeds provide essential information for combating cyber threats.

Analyzing Suspicious Traffic:

Threat intelligence feeds include data on network addresses used by known malware, such as IP addresses and domain names. By analyzing an organization's network traffic and comparing it with the information in the feeds, it's possible to identify traffic that may indicate malware activity. This includes unusual contacts to known malicious addresses or abnormal data traffic.

Identifying C&C Server Communications:

Communication with C&C servers is characteristic of many types of malware. Threat intelligence feeds help to detect and distinguish these communications from normal traffic. Identifying such traffic allows organizations to take proactive measures, such as blocking the traffic or isolating infected devices.

Countermeasures and Security Actions:

Once suspicious traffic is identified, organizations can implement security measures to combat malware. This may include filtering the traffic, sending alerts to cybersecurity teams, and cleaning infected devices. Continuous updates of threat intelligence feeds ensure that organizations stay informed about the latest threats and countermeasures.

In summary, the use of threat intelligence feeds is essential for detecting and countering malware traffic. These feeds provide valuable information that helps identify and prevent cyber threats, protecting organizations and their assets. Continuous monitoring and updates ensure that cybersecurity measures are effective and up-to-date.

Leverage Threat Intelligence to Update Cybersecurity Rules and Practices

As the world of cybersecurity continually evolves, staying ahead of emerging threats is crucial. This article discusses how threat intelligence can be pivotal in updating cybersecurity rules and practices to counter current threats effectively.

 

Real-Time Information and Response:

Modern threat intelligence feeds provide organizations with up-to-date information about new vulnerabilities and types of attacks. This enables swift response where cybersecurity rules are updated immediately to thwart these new threats. For instance, if a threat intelligence service detects a new malware spreading, organizations can promptly update their security protocols to prevent potential damage.

 

Customization and Focus:

By using threat intelligence, organizations can tailor their security measures to meet their specific needs. Different organizations face varied threats based on their industry, size, and the technologies they use. Threat intelligence allows them to identify and focus on the areas most critical to them.

 

Proactive Approach and Risk Management:

Analyzing threat intelligence for potential future threats allows organizations to develop strategies to counter them before they become problematic. This proactive approach not only saves time and resources in the long run but also enhances an organization's ability to defend against cyber-attacks.

 

In conclusion, the utilization of threat intelligence in updating cybersecurity rules and practices is essential for organizations to protect against current and future cyber threats. It provides the necessary tools for real-time response, customization, and proactive protection, ensuring that an organization's cybersecurity remains up-to-date and effective. Continuous updating of cybersecurity based on threat intelligence is not just a technical requirement but a strategic necessity in the ever-evolving world of cyber threats. It demands constant vigilance, adaptability, and commitment to enhancing cybersecurity, which is key to ensuring an organization's cyber resilience.

Utilize Threat Intelligence Feeds in the real-time detection and identification of potential threats, such as malware or data breaches

Threat intelligence feeds are a critical tool in cybersecurity, providing real-time information about potential threats, such as malware and data breaches. With their help, organizations can quickly identify and respond to new risks. This article focuses on how these feeds can be effectively used in threat detection and identification.

 

Integration and Automation of Threat Intelligence Feeds:

By integrating threat intelligence feeds into their security infrastructure, such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems, organizations can update rules and automatically detect and fend off threats. Moreover, automated analysis tools scan the data from the feeds in real-time, identifying harmful URLs, IP addresses, and file hashes that indicate compromise or attack.

 

Incident Response and Providing Context:

When a potential threat is identified, threat intelligence feeds provide essential context, such as information about the nature of the attack and possible impacts. This information is crucial for incident response teams, who need to understand the scope and methods of the attack for quick and effective response.

 

Challenges and Considerations:

While threat intelligence feeds are extremely useful, they bring challenges, such as managing the large volume of data and ensuring its relevance. This requires sophisticated filtering and prioritization mechanisms. Additionally, the quality of feeds can vary, and it's important to combine automatic analysis with expert interpretation.

 

In summary, threat intelligence feeds are key in the real-time observation and identification of threats, such as malware and data breaches. Their effective utilization requires integration, automation, and expert analysis. When these elements are combined, organizations can respond quickly and effectively to the growing number of cyber threats.

Monitoring and Identification of Malware with Threat Intelligence Feeds

Integrating threat intelligence feeds into your existing cybersecurity systems, they make your existing cybersecurity systems smarter in terms of what is malicious, thereby allowing you to gain greater benefits from your systems. Threat intelligence feeds are essential tools in monitoring and identifying the development of malware.

Monitoring Malware Development:

Threat intelligence feeds continuously track the evolution of malware. They collect information from various sources, such as malware analyses and cybercrime forums, providing updated information on new malware versions and mutations. This enables quick response to new threats and helps maintain your security posture.

Identifying Types of Malware:

Feeds utilize advanced analysis methods, such as machine learning and behavioral analysis, to identify types of malware. They can distinguish between different types of malware, such as trojans, ransomware, and worms, based on their behavior. This helps organizations to quickly identify and respond to various types of cyber threats.

Identifying Methods of Distribution:

Understanding how different malware spreads allows organizations to develop more effective protection measures. Feeds provide information about malware distribution channels, such as via email, websites, or social media. This information is crucial for understanding the unique characteristics of these channels and targeting protective measures accordingly.

In summary, threat intelligence feeds are essential tools for tracking the development of malware, categorizing it, and understanding its distribution methods. They offer valuable information that helps organizations stay one step ahead of cyber threats.

LEAN 365 – grab the cyber security tips of November

During November we shared a total of 8 cyber security tips in LinkedIn, Twitter and Instagram. Here is a compilation of the posts. Jump in together with Fitsec – and stay cyber safe!

193. Implement email authentication protocols like SPF (Sender Policy Framework), DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail), and DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance)

WHY?

This helps verify the legitimacy of email senders and prevent email spoofing


194. Modern browsers provide warnings about potentially malicious websites. Encourage users to heed these warnings.

WHY?

This can prevent them from proceeding to suspicious sites and getting malware infection


195. Avoid excessive data collection in your organization and regularly review the data being stored

WHY?

Organizations should only collect and retain the minimum amount of personal data necessary to fulfil their intended purposes and ensure it remains relevant and necessary


196. Be careful when using third-party driver updater tools

WHY?

Some of these tools can introduce security risks or install incorrect drivers


197. Consider using honeypots for threat intelligence

WHY?

This can help your security teams proactively discover threats and provide valuable insights into the attackers’ methods and motivations


198. Consider using an ad-blocker

WHY?

To prevent tracking of your online activities and enhance your privacy


199. In emails, use CC wisely, for example to protect the recipients from ending up getting too many emails or spam

WHY?

Many viruses and spam programs are nowadays able to sift through mail files and address books for email addresses


200. To check if your online accounts have been compromised, you can use the haveibeenpwned.com service

WHY?

Haveibeenpwned is a trustworthy service, and you can even setup constant monitoring to be alerted of new compromises related to your email account

LEAN 365 – grab the cyber security tips of October

During October we shared a total of 9 cyber security tips in LinkedIn, Twitter and Instagram. Here is a compilation of the posts. Jump in together with Fitsec – and stay cyber safe!

184. Remember to delete or deactivate all accounts of a person leaving the company right away

WHY? 

To prevent unauthorized access to your company systems by ex-employees

185. If possible, use Secure DNS over HTTPS (DoH)

WHY? 

To enhance privacy in your web browsing

186. Compare the transactions on your credit card bill to the purchases you’ve made. If you notice an unjustified charge, inform your credit card company right away.

WHY? 

It can be troublesome to resolve the issue later

187. Implement proper network segmentation and access controls

WHY? 

This can limit the potential impact of an attacker's access to the network)

188. Use email filtering solutions in your company

WHY? 

This helps to identify and block phishing emails and malicious attachments before they reach users' inboxes

189. Monitor the traffic in your company’s information networks for unusual or suspicious activities

WHY?

This helps to respond to incidents effectively when the attacker’s actions are noticed in time

190. If you have control over your BGP routing, consider using BGP Flowspec

WHY?

This helps to dynamically update routing policies during a possible attack

191. Use WAFs (Web Application Firewalls) for your public facing services

WHY?

To help filter out malicious traffic and requests

192. Use URL analysis tools or sandboxes to scan URLs embedded in emails and identify potentially malicious websites

WHY?

These tools can help detect and block phishing links and other malicious links

LEAN 365 – grab the cyber security tips of September

During September we shared a total of 9 cyber security tips in LinkedIn, Twitter and Instagram. Here is a compilation of the posts. Jump in together with Fitsec – and stay cyber safe!

175. Restrict the installation of software to authorized personnel

WHY? 

This reduces the risk of malicious software installations

176. Implement role-based access control

WHY? 

This restricts employee access to sensitive data and systems based on their job roles

177. Keep your apps up to date

WHY? 

Developers often release updates to patch security vulnerabilities and improve performance

178. Be wary of apps that request excessive permissions

WHY? 

Some apps request access to sensitive data or device features (e.g., camera, microphone, location). Make sure the permissions align with the app's functionality.

179. Regularly back up your mobile device too 

WHY? 

This can help to safeguard your data in case of loss or theft

180. Use secure instant messaging apps that support end-to-end encryption like Signal or Wire

WHY?

This ensures data integrity, security, privacy, and confidentiality in your communications

181. Protect the information related to your company's personnel, salaries, products, and sales

WHY?

A leak of confidential information can bring down an entire company

182. When dealing with visitors in your company, verify who you are dealing with by asking to see an ID card

WHY?

To prevent unauthorised access to your company’s premises

183. Join your local CERT authority mailing list for vulnerability alerts and other information

WHY?

To stay informed about the latest warnings of security vulnerabilities and events

LEAN 365 – grab the cyber security tips of August

During August we shared a total of 9 cyber security tips in LinkedIn, Twitter and Instagram. Here is a compilation of the posts. Jump in together with Fitsec – and stay cyber safe!

166. Don't use public computers like library computers for handling sensitive information

WHY? 

You can never be sure that the computer has not been compromised

167. Consider different backup storage options based on your needs and create a backup schedule

WHY? 

Regular backups are recommended to ensure the most up-to-date copies of your data

168. Guard your company premises carefully for example with guards, locks, and alarms

WHY? 

Physical weaknesses in infrastructures can be exploited. For example, to gain unauthorized physical access to servers or workstations.

169. Use backup software or built-in tools

WHY? 

Backup software can automate the backup process, making it easier and more efficient. Alternatively, your operating system may have built-in backup utilities, such as Windows Backup and Time Machine on macOS.

170. When creating software, check your code thoroughly for common errors like poor input validation, insecure data storage, or lack of proper error handling. A third-party audit of your software before release can be helpful.

WHY? 

Mistakes made during the software development process can lead to vulnerabilities 

171. Encrypt your backups 

WHY? 

If your files contain sensitive or confidential information, consider encrypting your backups. Encryption adds an extra layer of security to protect your data in case of unauthorized access to the backup storage.

172. Conduct regular security audits and assessments

WHY?

This helps organizations identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in their environment and proactively address these potential risks before they are exploited by an attacker

173. Test your backups

WHY?

It's crucial to periodically test your backups to ensure they are functioning correctly. Attempt a restore process to confirm that your files can be successfully retrieved from the backup.

174. Implement redundancy by using backup systems, duplicate hardware, and failover mechanisms

WHY?

This way you can ensure continuity of service during disruptions

LEAN 365 – grab the cyber security tips of July

During July we shared a total of 8 cyber security tips in LinkedIn, Twitter and Instagram. Here is a compilation of the posts. Jump in together with Fitsec – and stay cyber safe!

158. Before clicking a link in an email message, you can hover your mouse over it to see the actual destination of the link

WHY? 

This can be used to identify potentially malicious links. For example, if the link text has a domain that differs from the actual link destination.

159. Don't buy cheap, no-name security cameras or other security devices

WHY? 

In addition to the old saying “buy cheap, buy twice”, cheap security devices often contain vulnerabilities and are not maintained by the manufacturer

160. On any devices that support it, make sure your screen automatically turns off and logs you out/locks itself when not in use

WHY? 

In case you forget to lock your device when leaving it unattended, your device locks itself and helps prevent unauthorized access to your device 

161. Don’t upload sensitive files to cloud services

WHY? 

Usually, the risk of an attacker gaining access to your account and sensitive files via cloud services is greater than an attacker gaining access to your local machine

162. Be careful with browser extensions 

WHY? 

Browser extensions can be malicious. If you haven’t heard of an extension or a website wants you to download one, you should be cautious. 

163. Periodically, check if your router still gets updates from your provider’s support page

WHY? 

If you are using a router that doesn’t get updates, it means it will not get the latest security updates and might leave you vulnerable for attacks

164. Don’t buy used USB drives or other storage devices

WHY? 

They might contain malicious files

165. Look out for social engineering. Do not trust just anyone and be suspicious if someone asks “too many questions” about your company.

WHY?

It is a technique that involves manipulating individuals to divulge confidential information or perform certain actions. It could be through impersonation, building trust, or manipulating emotions.

LEAN 365 – grab the cyber security tips of June

During June we shared a total of 7 cyber security tips in LinkedIn, Twitter and Instagram. 
Here is a compilation of the posts. Jump in together with Fitsec – and stay cyber safe!

151. If you must download a file from an email, scan it for viruses

WHY? 

Even trustworthy emails might contain viruses, it’s better to be safe than sorry

152. If you are an EU citizen you can ask companies to remove your data

WHY? 

In the EU, GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) enforces the company to remove data when asked even if the company is not situated in Europe

153. Check email messages from unknown senders for grammar errors

WHY? 

If the message is full of grammar errors, it’s most likely a scam

154.  Don’t trust online converter websites (image, pdf etc.)

WHY? 

Even if these sites claim they won’t save your files, you have no way of verifying this is true. It’s best not to use them. These types of sites can also be used to infect your device with malware.

155. Consider enabling the ‘find my device’ -functionality on Android or Apple devices

WHY? 

If your device is stolen, you can use the find my device functionality to locate your device and remotely erase the data on your device to prevent your data from falling into the wrong hands

156. Make sure your important accounts have an up-to-date recovery phone number or alternative contact method

WHY? 

If your account is hijacked or compromised, having a recovery phone number or another email address makes it easier to get your account back. This can also make it harder for the attacker to change your credentials without access to your phone or other email.

157. Check your browser's privacy and security settings

WHY? 

Some settings like sending data for analytics might be enabled by default. For your privacy, it’s better to turn off settings that allow data gathering and sending.

LEAN 365 – grab the cyber security tips of May

During May we shared a total of 30 cyber security tips in LinkedIn, Twitter and Instagram.
Here is a compilation of the posts. Jump in together with Fitsec – and stay cyber safe!

121. When changing sim cards, always destroy the old one

WHY?

Old sim cards may hold some information like phone numbers and even some text messages

122. Clear your browser history from time to time

WHY? 

Your browser history and cookies are valuable information to an attacker. This information can be used to build a profile of you for future attacks against you.

123. Turn on memory integrity from your Windows settings

WHY? 

The memory integrity feature prevents malicious code being injected into high-security processes on your computer 

124. When traveling, keep your devices/valuables in the hotel room safe when not in use

WHY? 

If someone breaks in or has access to your hotel room, you have at least some protection against the theft of your devices

125. Do not enable automatic login on your device

WHY? 

If someone steals your device, they have instant access to all your data

126. Make sure the electric chip is broken to pieces from old debit/credit cards

WHY? 

If the electric chip is intact, someone might be able to get something out from it

127. Before disposing of delivery packages, make sure to get rid of any sensitive information on them

WHY? 

Someone could get your personal information from the package and use it for malicious intent

128. Be careful of malicious text messages and never click links in text messages

WHY? 

Text messages are often used for phishing attacks and clicking a link can get you compromised

129. If an account of yours is compromised, change the password immediately

WHY? 

It helps prevent the hacker from accessing your account again if they log off and, in some cases, logs the hacker out

130. Make sure your LinkedIn account is connected to your mobile device

WHY? 

Doing this will ensure you can easily reset/change your password and enable two factor authentication 

131. If the buttons, screen or info labels on an ATM/cash machine look misaligned or out of place, don’t use the ATM

WHY? 

There is a good chance that the ATM has been tampered with and can be used to steal your card information

132. When buying used devices, always perform a factory reset of the device

WHY? 

You never know what has been left on the device by the previous owner. It is not uncommon to find malware on used devices.

133. Don't use end of life operating systems like Windows 7 (end of life: "a product that is outdated or unsupported by the manufacturer")

WHY? 

End of life operating systems/products will not get important security updates and will leave you seriously vulnerable to attacks

134. Don't trust online quizzes

WHY? 

Online quizzes often have terms and conditions to allow them to sell your data to third parties. Even when you do not give any information, they can gather your IP-address, location, and possibly profile information if you’re logged in to social media services

135. Don't blindly trust caller ID’s or phone numbers

WHY? 

Spoofing phone numbers to scam or trick people is common. If something seems off, hang up and visit the website of the organization that is supposedly calling you and call them back on their officially listed number.

136. There are encrypted USB drives available for purchase, so consider buying them instead

WHY? 

The encryption will make it difficult for attackers to access the information on the drive if you happen to lose it or it is stolen

137. If your computer or device is stolen, change all passwords to any accounts you have

WHY?

If your device contains your passwords, they can be compromised

138. If you're suspicious of a website, for any reason, simply don't use it

WHY? 

Being suspicious is reason enough to not use it, better safe than sorry as the saying goes

139. If you live in Europe, choose a cloud provider that complies with GDPR

WHY? 

Generally, GDPR compliance ensures that your data will be handled properly and can be deleted upon request

140. Use a DNS filtering service that blocks known malicious websites

WHY? 

It helps with blocking malicious websites and known scam websites, keeping you safer on the internet

141. Disable notification content on your phone’s lock screen

WHY? 

To prevent others from viewing your sensitive information when your device is locked

142. Periodically check if your desktop machine has additional unknown devices attached to it

WHY? 

Unknown cables or peripherals can pose a risk to your system’s security. This type of technique has been used by bad actors in the past.

143. If you've been hacked, consider professional help

WHY? 

Going to a professional to aid you in this situation is far better than trying to fix it yourself. With professional help, the situation can be resolved faster, and the damages can be minimized or contained.

144. Don't use any personal information like your name, birth date, or phone number in your usernames

WHY? 

This can make it easier to gain or link sensitive and private information about you

145. If you see messages being sent from your email account that you didn't send, run a virus scan and change all your passwords immediately

WHY? 

This is often a sign that you have been compromised in some way. A quick response can minimize the damage.

146. Always follow the instruction/installation manual when installing a new device

WHY? 

It will give you a step-by-step guide to installing it correctly and safely, for example: many devices have security suggestions in the manual

147. Don't download apps from third-party sites

WHY? 

Apps from third-party sites have a greater probability of being malicious

148. If your virus protection puts something in quarantine, just leave it there if you don't know what you're doing

WHY? 

The virus protection put it there for a reason, it could be malicious or just suspicious, either way its best to leave it untouched

149. Don't trust online password checkers or generators, instead, make your own passwords

WHY? 

You have no way of verifying what the website is doing with the checked/generated password. To be safe, it’s better not to use these websites at all.

150. If you get an email stating that you have been “hacked”, and the sender demands payment, ignore it.

WHY? 

In most cases, this is a scam and used to extort money from you