2023/08/01

LEAN 365 – grab the cyber security tips of July

During July we shared a total of 8 cyber security tips in LinkedIn, Twitter and Instagram. Here is a compilation of the posts. Jump in together with Fitsec – and stay cyber safe!


158. Before clicking a link in an email message, you can hover your mouse over it to see the actual destination of the link

WHY? 

This can be used to identify potentially malicious links. For example, if the link text has a domain that differs from the actual link destination.


159. Don't buy cheap, no-name security cameras or other security devices

WHY? 

In addition to the old saying “buy cheap, buy twice”, cheap security devices often contain vulnerabilities and are not maintained by the manufacturer


160. On any devices that support it, make sure your screen automatically turns off and logs you out/locks itself when not in use

WHY? 

In case you forget to lock your device when leaving it unattended, your device locks itself and helps prevent unauthorized access to your device 


161. Don’t upload sensitive files to cloud services

WHY? 

Usually, the risk of an attacker gaining access to your account and sensitive files via cloud services is greater than an attacker gaining access to your local machine


162. Be careful with browser extensions 

WHY? 

Browser extensions can be malicious. If you haven’t heard of an extension or a website wants you to download one, you should be cautious. 


163. Periodically, check if your router still gets updates from your provider’s support page

WHY? 

If you are using a router that doesn’t get updates, it means it will not get the latest security updates and might leave you vulnerable for attacks


164. Don’t buy used USB drives or other storage devices

WHY? 

They might contain malicious files


165. Look out for social engineering. Do not trust just anyone and be suspicious if someone asks “too many questions” about your company.

WHY?

It is a technique that involves manipulating individuals to divulge confidential information or perform certain actions. It could be through impersonation, building trust, or manipulating emotions.




2023/07/01

LEAN 365 – grab the cyber security tips of June

During June we shared a total of 7 cyber security tips in LinkedInTwitter and Instagram
Here is a compilation of the posts. Jump in together with Fitsec – and stay cyber safe!


151. If you must download a file from an email, scan it for viruses

WHY? 

Even trustworthy emails might contain viruses, it’s better to be safe than sorry


152. If you are an EU citizen you can ask companies to remove your data

WHY? 

In the EU, GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) enforces the company to remove data when asked even if the company is not situated in Europe


153. Check email messages from unknown senders for grammar errors

WHY? 

If the message is full of grammar errors, it’s most likely a scam


154.  Don’t trust online converter websites (image, pdf etc.)

WHY? 

Even if these sites claim they won’t save your files, you have no way of verifying this is true. It’s best not to use them. These types of sites can also be used to infect your device with malware.


155. Consider enabling the ‘find my device’ -functionality on Android or Apple devices

WHY? 

If your device is stolen, you can use the find my device functionality to locate your device and remotely erase the data on your device to prevent your data from falling into the wrong hands


156. Make sure your important accounts have an up-to-date recovery phone number or alternative contact method

WHY? 

If your account is hijacked or compromised, having a recovery phone number or another email address makes it easier to get your account back. This can also make it harder for the attacker to change your credentials without access to your phone or other email.


157. Check your browser's privacy and security settings

WHY? 

Some settings like sending data for analytics might be enabled by default. For your privacy, it’s better to turn off settings that allow data gathering and sending.


2023/06/01

LEAN 365 – grab the cyber security tips of May

During May we shared a total of 30 cyber security tips in LinkedInTwitter and Instagram.
Here is a compilation of the posts. Jump in together with Fitsec – and stay cyber safe!


121. When changing sim cards, always destroy the old one

WHY?

Old sim cards may hold some information like phone numbers and even some text messages

122. Clear your browser history from time to time

WHY? 

Your browser history and cookies are valuable information to an attacker. This information can be used to build a profile of you for future attacks against you.

123. Turn on memory integrity from your Windows settings

WHY? 

The memory integrity feature prevents malicious code being injected into high-security processes on your computer 

124. When traveling, keep your devices/valuables in the hotel room safe when not in use

WHY? 

If someone breaks in or has access to your hotel room, you have at least some protection against the theft of your devices

125. Do not enable automatic login on your device

WHY? 

If someone steals your device, they have instant access to all your data

126. Make sure the electric chip is broken to pieces from old debit/credit cards

WHY? 

If the electric chip is intact, someone might be able to get something out from it

127. Before disposing of delivery packages, make sure to get rid of any sensitive information on them

WHY? 

Someone could get your personal information from the package and use it for malicious intent


128. Be careful of malicious text messages and never click links in text messages

WHY? 

Text messages are often used for phishing attacks and clicking a link can get you compromised

129. If an account of yours is compromised, change the password immediately

WHY? 

It helps prevent the hacker from accessing your account again if they log off and, in some cases, logs the hacker out

130. Make sure your LinkedIn account is connected to your mobile device

WHY? 

Doing this will ensure you can easily reset/change your password and enable two factor authentication 

131. If the buttons, screen or info labels on an ATM/cash machine look misaligned or out of place, don’t use the ATM

WHY? 

There is a good chance that the ATM has been tampered with and can be used to steal your card information

132. When buying used devices, always perform a factory reset of the device

WHY? 

You never know what has been left on the device by the previous owner. It is not uncommon to find malware on used devices.

133. Don't use end of life operating systems like Windows 7 (end of life: "a product that is outdated or unsupported by the manufacturer")

WHY? 

End of life operating systems/products will not get important security updates and will leave you seriously vulnerable to attacks

134. Don't trust online quizzes

WHY? 

Online quizzes often have terms and conditions to allow them to sell your data to third parties. Even when you do not give any information, they can gather your IP-address, location, and possibly profile information if you’re logged in to social media services

135. Don't blindly trust caller ID’s or phone numbers

WHY? 

Spoofing phone numbers to scam or trick people is common. If something seems off, hang up and visit the website of the organization that is supposedly calling you and call them back on their officially listed number.

136. There are encrypted USB drives available for purchase, so consider buying them instead

WHY? 

The encryption will make it difficult for attackers to access the information on the drive if you happen to lose it or it is stolen

137. If your computer or device is stolen, change all passwords to any accounts you have

WHY?

If your device contains your passwords, they can be compromised

138. If you're suspicious of a website, for any reason, simply don't use it

WHY? 

Being suspicious is reason enough to not use it, better safe than sorry as the saying goes

139. If you live in Europe, choose a cloud provider that complies with GDPR

WHY? 

Generally, GDPR compliance ensures that your data will be handled properly and can be deleted upon request

140. Use a DNS filtering service that blocks known malicious websites

WHY? 

It helps with blocking malicious websites and known scam websites, keeping you safer on the internet

141. Disable notification content on your phone’s lock screen

WHY? 

To prevent others from viewing your sensitive information when your device is locked

142. Periodically check if your desktop machine has additional unknown devices attached to it

WHY? 

Unknown cables or peripherals can pose a risk to your system’s security. This type of technique has been used by bad actors in the past.

143. If you've been hacked, consider professional help

WHY? 

Going to a professional to aid you in this situation is far better than trying to fix it yourself. With professional help, the situation can be resolved faster, and the damages can be minimized or contained.

144. Don't use any personal information like your name, birth date, or phone number in your usernames

WHY? 

This can make it easier to gain or link sensitive and private information about you

145. If you see messages being sent from your email account that you didn't send, run a virus scan and change all your passwords immediately

WHY? 

This is often a sign that you have been compromised in some way. A quick response can minimize the damage.

146. Always follow the instruction/installation manual when installing a new device

WHY? 

It will give you a step-by-step guide to installing it correctly and safely, for example: many devices have security suggestions in the manual

147. Don't download apps from third-party sites

WHY? 

Apps from third-party sites have a greater probability of being malicious

148. If your virus protection puts something in quarantine, just leave it there if you don't know what you're doing

WHY? 

The virus protection put it there for a reason, it could be malicious or just suspicious, either way its best to leave it untouched

149. Don't trust online password checkers or generators, instead, make your own passwords

WHY? 

You have no way of verifying what the website is doing with the checked/generated password. To be safe, it’s better not to use these websites at all.

150. If you get an email stating that you have been “hacked”, and the sender demands payment, ignore it.

WHY? 

In most cases, this is a scam and used to extort money from you


2023/05/04

Multiple vulnerabilities in Zyxel NBG-418N V2

As part of Fitsec's service offering our labs conduct device audits and research to find new vulnerabilities that might affect our customers. Fitsec's labs come across a wide variety of devices, ranging from consumer products to enterprise devices. In the past, these have included devices such as utility grid monitoring (electricity & water), routers, smartphones and even engine control units (ECU).


During December 2022 we had an internal training session where the objective was to find vulnerabilities in common IOT devices.

For this purpose we purchased a few units of Zyxel NBG-418N V2 home routers, as they were on the low-end in terms of price and features, which makes them popular for consumers and small businesses alike.

To begin with, we first dumped the firmware from the internal Macronix EEPROM chip. We reverse engineered the bootloader in order to gain access to the actual code that was being run in the device.



After dumping, UART connection was also established to capture logs.
We were able to discover 5 unique vulnerabilities in the target device:

  • XSS (Cross-site scripting) in the web management interface
  • Persistent XSS in the web management interface
  • Kernel stack overflows in the CLI (Command Line Interface) app
  • Kernel format string vulnerabilities
  • Denial of service condition (kernel crash and reboot)


The first issue was already known by Zyxel, but the other 4 were new vulnerabilities.

Based on our findings and reporting, Zyxel has released a firmware update and a security advisory. In case you have a vulnerable device in use, we recommend updating the device to the latest firmware.

https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-multiple-vulnerabilities-in-nbg-418n-v2-home-router

2023/05/01

LEAN 365 – grab the cyber security tips of April

During April we shared a total of 30 cyber security tips in LinkedInTwitter and Instagram.
Here is a compilation of the posts. Jump in together with Fitsec – and stay cyber safe!


91. It’s a good idea to password protect personal documents containing sensitive data

WHY? 

Even if your device is compromised, the data in these documents will be harder to access

92. Before giving away your phone, do a factory reset

WHY? 

A factory reset erases all your information from the device

93. Don’t use your car’s audio system for sensitive phone calls

WHY? 

In most cases the audio can easily be heard outside the car 

94. Never connect your own device to your organization’s network without approval

WHY? 

Your device may compromise the safety of the network and your company

95. Disable auto filling your account details on any websites

WHY? 

If your device is compromised, the attacker will automatically have access to your accounts

96. Beware of scams during major holidays

WHY? 

It’s common to offer “special deals” during major holidays, make sure that the offers are legitimate

97. On Windows machines, make sure Autorun/Autoplay features for media are turned off

WHY? 

It prevents external media infected with malicious code from being automatically executed

98. Make sure your Wi-Fi has strong password protection

WHY? 

Having a weak password on your Wi-Fi network makes it easier to attack

99. Install apps on your phone only from official sources (Google Play, Apple Store etc.)

WHY? 

Apps from official sources have been verified and are usually safe

100. If your printer supports secure printing, use it

WHY? 

Secure printing requires you to be present at the printer, thus making sure that no one can see your documents

101. Don't use passwords that contain your personal information, like date of birth

WHY? 

This makes your password easier to guess and your account more vulnerable

102. Don’t share your property information on the internet

WHY? 

Sharing your cabins etc. location or other information is not recommended and can lead to theft of your property etc.

103. Use a credit card for online purchases

WHY? 

If you get scammed, you can dispute the charge and get your money back

104. Don’t use admin account for everyday tasks

WHY? 

Using a regular user account will give less privileges to a possible attacker

105. Don't store sensitive data in the cloud; keep it entirely disconnected from the web

WHY? 

Keeping your sensitive data offline and requiring physical access keeps your data safe

106. If your device has a webcam, use a privacy cover. A piece of tape works just fine.

WHY? 

On some occasions, the webcam may be activated without an indicator light

107. Only connect with people you know on LinkedIn

WHY? 

In addition to giving more information about yourself to strangers, criminals have been known to use this extra information to attack other people as well

108. Exercise your right to be forgotten

WHY? 

Online services and companies in general, may otherwise retain your data indefinitely

109. Shred your old bank and credit cards

WHY? 

This makes them unusable, and it is near impossible to gather any data from a well shred card

110. You should turn off Windows timeline from privacy settings

WHY? 

The Windows timeline/activity history has to keep a lot of information about you to work and sends this information to Microsoft by default, turning it off is an easy way to gain more privacy

111. When taking a screenshot on your device, always double-check the picture before sharing

WHY? 

Using a regular user account will give less privileges to a possible attacker

112. Don’t trust any popups on websites that claim you have malware and prompt you to download an antivirus or call a number

WHY? 

This is a common method to get you to download malicious software on your device

113. Think twice before trusting free apps

WHY? 

Non-governmental free apps often make their money by selling personal data. Avoid giving any permissions related to data access if a free app asks for it

114. Never access your email or accounts on a device that you don’t own

WHY? 

It helps to prevent account hijacking and prevents leaking your information to a third party

115. Try to read news about new cyber attacks/scams

WHY? 

This might inform you of new ways hackers could be attacking you and help to keep you safe

116. Disable background webapps from your browser settings

WHY? 

Some apps might keep running even when you close your browser. This setting prevents them from doing so.

117. Be careful when taking or sharing workplace photos

WHY? 

There might be something in the background that could reveal/leak information that is private

118. If you are an EU citizen you have the right to ask for all the data that a company has about you

WHY? 

European union GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) states that a person must get a copy of the data about them when asked

119. Periodically check which devices are logged into your account if the service has such an option

WHY? 

If there is a new device that you don't recognize, your account may have been compromised

120. Make sure your phone is always locked when you are not using it

WHY? 

It helps to protect your data in case your phone gets stolen